• Pope Shenouda III

    Pope Shenouda III

    1923 – 2012

    Biography

    Pope Shenouda III (1923–2012) was the 117th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. During his papacy he distinguished himself as a prolific writer,  popular preacher and fierce defender of Coptic rights. He remains one of the most influential figures in contemporary Coptic history.

    Available Texts

    Bibliography

    Works

    Pope Shenouda’s literary output is staggeringly large, comprising well over a hundred books of which many were translated into English. He also wrote hundreds of articles in Coptic periodicals (chiefly al-Kiraza, which he founded) and delivered public lectures every week for virtually his entire papacy. A full list of his entire oeuvre would be a significant undertaking. A more realistic goal (and one of potentially greater academic interest) would be a chronological list of the books and articles he published at different stage of his life, i.e. as Nazir Gayyid, Fr Antonios al-Suryani and Bishop Shenouda of Education. This page will be updated as progress is made; if you would like to help, please contact us.

    • In the meantime, see the English works hosted at OrthoKairos and Orthodox eBooks, and the Arabic work hosted at Coptic Treasures.

    Secondary Sources

    Gille, Matthias. 2017. Der koptische Papst Schenuda III: Beobachtungen zu Theologie und Biografie. Anwendungsorientierte Religionswissenschaft, vol. 11. Baden-Baden: Tectum Verlag. (Tectum Verlag)

    Fernandez, Alberto Miguel. 1983. “The Coptic Orthodox Salvation Theology of Anba Shenuda III.” MA Dissertation. University of Arizona. Available online at UA Campus Repository.  (PDF)

    O’Mahony, Anthony. “Tradition at the heart of renewal: the Coptic Orthodox Church and Monasticism in Modern Egypt”, International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 7, no. 3 (2007), 164–178.

  • Habib Girgis

    Habib Girgis

    1876 – 1951

    Biography

    St. Habib Girgis (1876–1951) was the founder of the Sunday School Movement that initiated sweeping educational and theological reforms in the Coptic Church in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries. For much of his ministry, he was supported by Pope Kyrillos V. In 2012 he was canonised as a saint of the Coptic Church, along with Pope Kyrillos VI.

    Available Texts

    Bibliography

    A. Works

    A comprehensive bibliography of Habib Girgis’ works can be found in Bishop Suriel, Habib Girgis: Coptic Orthodox Educator and a Light in the Darkness (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 2017): 264–67.

    B. Further Reading

    Jayson, Casper. “How Sunday School Sparked Revival in Egypt’s Oldest Church” Christianity Today, June 19, 2018, https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/2018/june/habib-girgis-coptic-revival-sunday-school-movement.html.

    Nasim, Sulayman. 1991. “Habib Jirjis”, in Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia, vol. 4. Macmillan/Claremont Graduate University, School of Religion, 1189a–1189b.

    Shenouda III (Pope). “Our Teacher Archdeacon Habib Girgis”. Translated by S. M. Saad. Watani, August 22, 2013, http://en.wataninet.com/coptic-affairs-coptic-affairs/religious/st-habib-girgis/1440/.

    Suriel (Bishop). Habib Girgis: Coptic Orthodox Educator and a Light in the Darkness. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladamir’s Seminary Press, 2017. (Amazon)

    Yanney, Rodolph. “Light in the Darkness: Life of Archdeacon Habib Girgis (1876–1951).” Coptic Church Review 5, no. 2 (1984): 47–52.

  • Bishop Gregorius

    Bishop Gregorius

    1919 – 2001

    Biography

    Bishop Gregorius (Oct 13, 1919–Oct 22, 2001) was the first and only General Bishop for Higher Theological Studies, Coptic Culture and Scientific Research. He was born Wahib ‘Atalla Girgis in Aswan in 1919. He received a Bachelor's degree from the Clerical College (May 1939). He continued to study the humanities at the University of Cairo, earning a Licenciate in Philosophy (July 1944) and a Diploma of Egyptian Antiquities (June 1951). Finally, he undertook a PhD in Egyptology and Coptic Studies at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom (1952–1955) with a thesis entitled “Greek Words in Coptic Usage”. His broad learning in the humanities is on display in his early contributions to the Sunday School Magazine. He became a monk of Dayr al-Muharraq in 1962, becoming Bakhoum al-Muharraqi. Pope Kyrillos VI ordained him General Bishop for Higher Theological Studies, Coptic Culture and Scientific Research in 1967.

    Bibliography

    Works

    Bishop Gregorius’ written legacy is enormous, on a par with those of Pope Shenouda III and Fr Matta al-Miskin. If you can supply any works that are missing, especially letters or voice recordings, please contact us. A bibliography is currently being compiled and will be uploaded soon.

    The most important collection of Bishop Gregorius’ written works, including previously unpublished primary sources, is Monier Ateya’s Mawsū‘at al-Anba Ghrīghūryūs, most of which can be downloaded here or on Coptic Treasures.

    Further Reading

    Casey, John. After Lives: A Guide to Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory, Oxford University Press, 2009 (on pages 369–399).

    Guirguis, M. & van Doorn-Harder, N. The Emergence of the Modern Coptic Papacy. The Popes of Egypt: A History of the Coptic Church and Its Patriarchs, Volume 3. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2011.

    Hasan, S. S. Christians versus Muslims in Modern Egypt: The Century-Long Struggle for Coptic Equality, Oxford University Press, 2003 (pages 86, 88, 89, 111, 159, 205, 226–27, 246).